![]() Suffragists wasted little time, meeting with President Wilson just two weeks after he was sworn into office. 4Īfterwards suffrage leaders prepared the next phase of their campaign: persuade the president and secure his support for a constitutional amendment. Legislators questioned policemen and their tactics, as wells as dozens of women who testified that they were insulted or injured by the throngs of people. 3 The chaos prompted a Senate inquiry into the mishandling of the crowds. The suffragists were led by Grand Marshal of the procession May Jane Walker Burleson, “General” Rosalie Jones, Inez Milholland, and Dr. 2 Over 5,000 women marched for suffrage but their peaceful procession was disrupted by a “surging mass of humanity that completely defied the Washington police.” Army cavalry stationed at nearby Fort Myer restored order for the parading women. The march began at the Peace Monument near the Capitol, passed alongside the White House, and ended with a rally at Memorial Continental Hall. The National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA), in collaboration with activists Alice Paul and Lucy Burns, organized a suffrage parade down Pennsylvania Avenue. ![]() The national struggle for women’s suffrage mobilized on March 3, 1913, the day before Woodrow Wilson’s inauguration in Washington, D.C. As more state legislatures granted these rights to female residents, suffragists launched a national campaign to persuade Congress to pass a constitutional amendment. Needless to say, voting rights for women varied widely across the country. Others such as Illinois, Nebraska, Ohio, Indiana, North Dakota, Rhode Island, Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Missouri permitted women to vote only for president before 1919. There were also a number of states that allowed women to vote prior to the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment: Wyoming, Colorado, Utah, Idaho, Washington, California, Arizona, Kansas, Oregon, Montana, Nevada, New York, Michigan, Oklahoma, and South Dakota. Near the turn of the century, the territories of Wyoming, Utah, Washington, and Montana granted full voting rights to women. In fact, it was in these sparsely populated areas that the women’s suffrage movement quickly gained momentum. As settlements and territories emerged, new residents actively participated in creating the political systems they lived under. In the second half of the nineteenth century Americans headed west to seek greater opportunities for themselves and their families.
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